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Last Updated:: 09/08/2018
Disposal of waste water in Ganga basin
Industrial & Domestic Waste discharge in River Ganga
- Both industrial effluent and domestic waste water contribute to the pollution in river Ganga. 6614 MLD of waste water with an organic pollution load of 426 TPD is discharged into river Ganga.
- Approximately 90% of the river’s natural discharge is extracted by the time the river reaches Kanpur.
- 764 Grossly Polluting Industries (GPIs) are directly discharging their effluent into river Ganga.
- 90% of GPIs are located in Uttar Pradesh while 58% of the GPIs constitute of tannery sector.
- Pulp and Paper sector contributes highest quantity of BOD load (65%) and effluent discharge ( 55%), whereas the maximum average BOD is discharged by the distillery sector.
- The drains in Uttar Pradesh contribute 57% of wastewater flow and 44% of the BOD load to river Ganga.
- Domestic waste water percentage contribution in the total quantity of wastewater and BOD load is 92 and 69 respectively and the remaining is contributed by industrial effluent
- Maximum wastewater discharge & BOD load have been reported from segment III B and IV A respectively.Segment III A& B and Segment IV A have very water poor quality w.r.t BOD & FC concentration levels. River Ganga receives 80% of the total organic load in these segments. The concentration of Pulp & Paper, Distillery & Tannery units is maximum in these segments. Poor water quality in these segments can be directly attributed to the organic load contributed by the domestic & industrial discharges.
Source : CPCB BULLETIN VOL.-I, JULY 2016, Updated on December 6th, 2016
Wastewater Generation and Treatment Capacity for Class I and Class II Cities discharging Wastewater into the Ganga River
Class I cities
|
S. No.
|
City/Town
|
State/UT
|
Population
|
Total Sewage
generation
( in MLD)
|
Treatment
Capacity
( in MLD)
|
Percentage
covered
|
Treated sewage
Disposal
|
|
1
|
Bhagalpur
|
Bihar
|
381190
|
61.6
|
11
|
18%
|
Ganga river basin
|
|
2
|
Patna
|
Bihar
|
1542184
|
249.2
|
109
|
44%
|
Ganga river basin
|
|
3
|
Munger
|
Bihar
|
209790
|
34
|
13.5
|
40%
|
Ganga river basin
|
|
4
|
Katihar
|
Bihar
|
196190
|
31.7
|
31.7
|
100%
|
Ganga river basin
|
|
5
|
Kanpur
|
Uttar Pradesh
|
3114530
|
339.3
|
171.1
|
50%
|
Ganga river basin
|
|
6
|
Varanasi
|
Uttar Pradesh
|
1353920
|
187.1
|
141
|
75%
|
Ganga river basin
|
|
7
|
Allahabad
|
Uttar Pradesh
|
1218070
|
208
|
89
|
43%
|
Ganga river basin
|
|
8
|
Farrukhabad-cum-Fatehgarh
|
Uttar Pradesh
|
280290
|
30.5
|
8.3
|
27%
|
Ganga river basin
|
|
9
|
Mirzapur-Vindhyachal
|
Uttar Pradesh
|
252470
|
27.5
|
14
|
51%
|
Ganga river basin
|
|
10
|
Unnao
|
Uttar Pradesh
|
178250
|
23.9
|
19.4
|
81%
|
Ganga river basin
|
|
11
|
Ballia
|
Uttar Pradesh
|
125740
|
18
|
-
|
0%
|
Ganga river basin
|
|
12
|
Dehradun
|
Uttarakhand
|
550800
|
76.1
|
-
|
0%
|
Ganga river basin
|
|
13
|
Hardwar
|
Uttarakhand
|
215260
|
39.6
|
18
|
45%
|
Ganga river basin
|
|
14
|
Kolkata
|
West Bengal
|
5267630
|
618.4
|
172
|
28%
|
Ganga river basin
|
|
15
|
Haldia
|
West Bengal
|
196300
|
24.5
|
24.5
|
100%
|
Ganga river basin
|
|
16
|
Santipur
|
West Bengal
|
158920
|
18.7
|
18.7
|
100%
|
Ganga river basin
|
|
17
|
Nabadwip
|
West Bengal
|
132290
|
15.5
|
10
|
65%
|
Ganga river basin
|
|
18
|
Basirhat
|
West Bengal
|
130090
|
15.3
|
-
|
0%
|
Ganga river basin
|
|
19
|
Bangaon
|
West Bengal
|
117430
|
13.8
|
-
|
0%
|
Ganga river basin
|
|
20
|
South Dumdum
|
West Bengal
|
450970
|
53
|
52.9
|
100%
|
Ganga river basin
|
|
21
|
Rajpur Sonarpur
|
West Bengal
|
386850
|
33.6
|
45.4
|
100%
|
Ganga river basin
|
|
22
|
Kamarhati
|
West Bengal
|
361480
|
48.8
|
40
|
82%
|
Ganga river basin
|
|
23
|
North Dumdum
|
West Bengal
|
253040
|
29.7
|
-
|
0%
|
Ganga river basin
|
|
25
|
Ulberia
|
West Bengal
|
232410
|
27.3
|
24
|
Naihati
|
West Bengal
|
|
26
|
Kanchrapara
|
West Bengal
|
145040
|
17
|
-
|
0%
|
Ganga river basin
|
|
27
|
Halisahar
|
West Bengal
|
143150
|
16.8
|
-
|
0%
|
Ganga river basin
|
|
28
|
North Barrackpur
|
West Bengal
|
142050
|
19.2
|
16.7
|
87%
|
Ganga river basin
|
|
9
|
Rishra
|
West Bengal
|
130250
|
13.5
|
15.3
|
100%
|
Ganga river basin
|
|
30
|
Ashoknagar Kalyangarh
|
West Bengal
|
128200
|
17.3
|
15
|
87%
|
Ganga river basin
|
|
31
|
Haora
|
West Bengal
|
1160010
|
136.2
|
63.9
|
47%
|
Ganga river asin
|
|
32
|
Bhatpara
|
West Bengal
|
508250
|
59.7
|
28.5
|
48%
|
Ganga river basin
|
|
33
|
Maheshtala
|
West Bengal
|
447600
|
52.5
|
3.9
|
7%
|
Ganga river basin
|
|
34
|
Serampore
|
West Bengal
|
227650
|
26.7
|
18.9
|
71%
|
Ganga river basin
|
|
35
|
Chandannagar
|
West Bengal
|
186490
|
16.1
|
22.7
|
100%
|
Ganga river basin
|
|
36
|
Habra
|
West Bengal
|
146850
|
17.2
|
-
|
0%
|
Ganga river basin
|
|
|
Total
|
|
2,09,19,384
|
2637.7
|
1174.4
|
|
|
Class II cities
|
S. No.
|
City/Town
|
State/UT
|
Population
|
Total Sewage
( in MLD)
|
Treatment
Capacity
( in MLD)
|
Percentage
covered
|
Treated sewage
Disposal
|
|
1
|
Buxar
|
Bihar
|
82975
|
7.6
|
2
|
26%
|
Ganga river basin
|
|
2
|
Sitamarhi
|
Bihar
|
56769
|
6.5
|
-
|
0%
|
Ganga river basin
|
|
3
|
Begusarai
|
Bihar
|
93378
|
8.6
|
-
|
0%
|
Ganga river basin
|
|
4
|
Mokameh
|
Bihar
|
56400
|
8
|
-
|
0%
|
Ganga river basin
|
|
5
|
Najibabad
|
Uttar Pradesh
|
79087
|
7.6
|
-
|
0%
|
Ganga river basin
|
|
6
|
Bijnor
|
Uttar Pradesh
|
79368
|
7.6
|
8.1
|
100%
|
Ganga river basin
|
|
7
|
Mughalsarai
|
Uttar Pradesh
|
88386
|
16
|
-
|
0%
|
Ganga river basin
|
|
8
|
Ghazipur
|
Uttar Pradesh
|
95243
|
10.7
|
-
|
0%
|
Ganga river basin
|
|
9
|
Kannauj
|
Uttar Pradesh
|
71530
|
7
|
-
|
0%
|
Ganga river basin
|
|
10
|
Deoband
|
Uttar Pradesh
|
81706
|
7.8
|
-
|
0%
|
Ganga river basin
|
|
11
|
Gangaghat
|
Uttar Pradesh
|
70817
|
6.8
|
-
|
0%
|
Ganga river basin
|
|
12
|
Rishikesh
|
Uttarakhand
|
59671
|
10.7
|
6.3
|
59%
|
Ganga river basin
|
|
13
|
Roorkee
|
Uttarakhand
|
97064
|
11
|
-
|
0%
|
Ganga river basin
|
|
14
|
Ranaghat
|
West Bengal
|
68754
|
6
|
-
|
0%
|
Ganga river basin
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
122
|
16.4
|
13%
|
Ganga river basin
|
Status of water supply, waste water generation and treatment in class-I cities and class-II town of India, CPCB, 2010
Source: National Ganga River Basin Authority, 2011
Municipal Wastewater Generation and Mode of Disposal in the Ganga Basin
|
S. No.
|
State/UT
|
No. of
Cities
|
Municipal
Population
|
Volume of
Waste
Water
Generated
(MLD)
|
Volume of Waste
Water Disposed (MLD)
|
No. of Cities with
Various Mode of
Disposal
|
|
Ganga
River
|
Other Rivers
(Tributar ies)
|
Land
|
Ganga
River
|
Other Rivers
(Tributar ies)
|
Land
|
|
A
|
Class I cities
|
|
1
|
Bihar & Jharkhand
|
24
|
7399891
|
1045.6
|
376.5
|
562.8
|
106.3
|
4
|
16
|
4
|
|
2
|
Haryana
|
18
|
4952990
|
389.6
|
-
|
250.3
|
139.3
|
-
|
8
|
10
|
|
4
|
Madhya Pradesh
|
18
|
8415820
|
898.9
|
-
|
877.4
|
21.5
|
-
|
17
|
1
|
|
5
|
Rajasthan
|
7
|
5148920
|
696.5
|
-
|
313.3
|
383.2
|
-
|
5
|
2
|
|
6
|
Uttar Pradesh & Uttarakhand
|
55
|
25620720
|
3017.5
|
950
|
2051.3
|
16.2
|
9
|
45
|
1
|
|
7
|
West Bengal
|
56
|
19422911
|
2197.2
|
1311.3
|
644.7
|
241.2
|
23
|
21
|
12
|
|
8
|
Delhi
|
1
|
14858800
|
2948
|
-
|
2948
|
-
|
-
|
1
|
-
|
|
Ganga Basin
|
179
|
85820052
|
11193.3
|
2637.8
|
7647.8
|
907.7
|
36
|
113
|
30
|
|
|
B
|
Class II cities
|
|
9
|
Bihar & Jharkhand
|
27
|
2354872
|
191.6
|
30.7
|
14.8
|
146.1
|
4
|
2
|
21
|
|
10
|
Haryana
|
2
|
180550
|
10.1
|
-
|
-
|
10.1
|
-
|
-
|
2
|
|
11
|
Madhya Pradesh
|
18
|
1513530
|
124.1
|
-
|
40.4
|
83.7
|
-
|
5
|
13
|
|
12
|
Rajasthan
|
13
|
1460740
|
122.5
|
-
|
37.5
|
85
|
-
|
6
|
7
|
|
13
|
Uttar Pradesh & Uttarakhand
|
59
|
4621792
|
411.1
|
85.2
|
36.5
|
289.4
|
9
|
4
|
46
|
|
14
|
West Bengal
|
28
|
2095384
|
164.3
|
6
|
5.3
|
153
|
1
|
1
|
26
|
|
|
Ganga Basin
|
147
|
12226868
|
1023.7
|
121.9
|
134.5
|
767.3
|
14
|
18
|
115
|
Source: Status of water supply, waste water generation and treatment in class-I cities and class-II towns of India, CPCB, 2010
Disposal of waste water in Ganga basin
State
|
Amount of Waste water directly discharged in to the Ganga from class I cities & class II towns (mld)
|
Amount of Wastewater discharged in to the tributaries or sub-tributaries of the Ganga from class I cities & class II towns(mld)
|
Amount of Wastewater discharged on land/low lying areas from class I cities & class II towns 6(mld)
|
Total waste water (mld) disposal in Ganga Basin
|
| Bihar |
412.1 |
171.5 |
87.8 |
671.4 |
| Jharkhand |
- |
119.6 |
11.6 |
131.2 |
| Haryana |
- |
136.9 |
72.6 |
209.5 |
| Madhya Pradesh |
- |
503.0 |
123.5 |
626.5 |
| Rajasthan |
- |
210.7 |
249.6 |
460.3 |
| Utter Pradesh |
653.8 |
881.6 |
225.8 |
1761.2 |
| Uttaranchal |
42.5 |
24.0 |
46.9 |
113.4 |
| West Bengal |
1429.2 |
93.6 |
52.5 |
1575.3 |
| Delhi |
- |
2350.0 |
350.0 |
2700.0 |
| Total |
2537.6 |
4490.9 |
1220.3 |
8248.8 |
Source: Status of sewage treatment plants in Ganga Basin, CPCB Publication, June 2003
River wise breakup of Grossly Polluting Industries
|
River
|
No. Of Units
|
ETP Status
|
ETP Status
|
Breakup of not operational units
|
Discharge (MLD)
|
|
|
|
Installed
|
Not Installed
|
Not Required
|
|
Self closed
|
Closed by Board/ CPCB/NGT
|
|
|
1
|
2
|
3
|
4
|
5
|
6
|
7
|
8
|
9
|
|
Ganga
|
105
|
84
|
17
|
4
|
32
|
30
|
43
|
73.29
|
|
Yamuna
|
535
|
493
|
23
|
19
|
414
|
100
|
21
|
161.40
|
|
Gomti
|
41
|
41
|
0
|
0
|
37
|
3
|
1
|
36.94
|
|
Ghaghra
|
55
|
55
|
0
|
0
|
46
|
4
|
5
|
71.89
|
|
Other Tributaries
|
28
|
24
|
4
|
0
|
24
|
4
|
0
|
190.68
|
|
Total
|
764
|
697
|
44
|
23
|
553
|
141
|
70
|
534.20
|
Other Tributaries -Narayani, Tamsa, Son etc.
Sector wise breakup of Grossly Polluting Industries
|
Sector
|
No.of Unit
|
ETP Status
|
Operational Units
|
Breakup of not operational units
|
Discharge (MLD)
|
|
|
|
Installed
|
Not Installed
|
Not required
|
|
Self closed
|
Closed by Board/ CPCB/NGT
|
|
|
1
|
2
|
3
|
4
|
5
|
6
|
7
|
8
|
9
|
|
Distillery
|
34
|
34
|
0
|
0
|
23
|
6
|
5
|
0.00
|
|
Sugar
|
69
|
69
|
0
|
0
|
56
|
11
|
2
|
43.56
|
|
Paper
|
69
|
66
|
1
|
2
|
51
|
10
|
8
|
89.85
|
|
Tannery
|
15
|
15
|
0
|
0
|
7
|
6
|
2
|
0.96
|
|
Textile
|
421
|
368
|
33
|
20
|
296
|
81
|
44
|
32.17
|
|
Other
|
156
|
145
|
10
|
1
|
120
|
27
|
9
|
367.66
|
|
Total
|
764
|
697
|
44
|
23
|
553
|
141
|
70
|
534.20
|
Other includes dairy, thermal power plants, slaughter house, pharmaceuticals, fertilizer, etc
Source:UP Pollution Control Board Updated On 14 July, 2018